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EWT-led Vulture Safe Zone certified in a national park

EWT-led Vulture Safe Zone certified in a national park

EWT-led Vulture Safe Zone certified in a national park

By Eleanor Momberg – Communications manager, Endangered Wildlife Trust 

 

EWT-led Vulture Safe Zone in Mokala National Park

An Endangered Wildlife Trust-led Vulture Safe Zone has been certified in the Mokala National Park – a first for South Africa.

The national park, in the Northern Cape, is a stronghold for breeding White-backed Vultures (Gyps africanus).  It is the first SANParks national park to be certified a Vulture Safe Zone

“The certification is a further step in a working relationship between the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) and SANParks to conserve threatened species and restore and preserve the habitats they require to survive,”  says the CEO of the EWT, Yolan Friedmann.

The EWT has been working in Mokala National Park since 2008, monitoring vultures and other raptors.  In the last three years, the EWT’s Birds of Prey team and park management have been mitigating threats to vultures and related species on the 27,500ha property with the aim to certify it as a Vulture Safe Zone (VSZ).

 

What is a Vulture Safe Zone?

Vulture Safe Zones are an outflow of what is commonly known as the Asian Vulture Crisis, spanning the 1980s and 1990s, which saw declines of over 99% in the population of vultures in this landscape.  Subsequent research found that the mass die-off had been caused by the veterinary NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), Diclofenac. The disappearance of Vultures in India led to the ecological tipping of scales, causing the death of tens of thousands of people due to the spread of pathogens because of the decline in vultures, known as the environment’s clean-up crew.

The urgent need for action to stop the rapid decline of vulture species in Eurasia and Africa led to the development of the Multi-Species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian Vultures (commonly referred to as the Vulture MsAP). Vulture Safe Zones are recognised in the Vulture MsAP as a means to encourage the responsible management of the environment by actively reducing threats to vultures in identified areas. In South Africa, the EWT has led the implementation of the Safe Zones, spanning the Karoo,  the Kalahari and the Eastern Cape.

Among the criteria for a VSZ is that the area must be poison free and carcasses may not be laced with NSAIDs, power lines are mitigated to prevent electrocutions and collisions by wildlife, breeding or roosting populations of vulture species are protected from disturbance; and that breeding and/or roosting populations are monitored annually.

 

The Mokala Vulture Safe Zone

Mokala is the first of many identified national parks to be certified as a Vulture Safe Zone. In partnership with Eskom, the project has ensured that all power lines are safe and, through a kind donation by the SANParks Honorary Rangers, the team was able to cover the dams with nets to prevent drownings.

Because the reserve is a stronghold for White-backed Vultures, a team led by the EWT has ringed and tagged over 1,100 vulture chicks in the park since it began working there. In October 2025 alone, 90 chicks were ringed and tagged, and 155 active nests were counted in the larger breeding area, which includes neighbouring farms.

“With the Vulture Safe Zone certification in place, Mokala National Park now has ample support to continue critical conservation efforts to protect their resident vulture populations, as well as other threatened birds of prey, including Martial Eagle and Tawny Eagle,”  said Friedmann.

** The EWT would like to thank our donors, partners and collaborators for their ongoing and much appreciated support for this important conservation initiative:  Charl van der Merwe Charitable Trust, Puy du Fou, Gauntlet Conservation Trust and Hawk Conservation Trust, as well as the SANParks Honorary Rangers  

2024/25 Integrated Report:  Saving species, saving lives – a year of empowerment, collaboration and expansion

2024/25 Integrated Report: Saving species, saving lives – a year of empowerment, collaboration and expansion

2024/25 Integrated Report: Saving species, saving lives – a year of empowerment, collaboration and expansion

Endangered Wildlife Trust Integrated report 2024/2025

“The money we are getting here has changed our lives. Our children are now going to school, says Tshifularo Madzhie of Kutama village in Limpopo as he speaks with pride about his job at the EWT’s  Medike nature reserve.

Situated in the Endangered Wildlife Trust’s (EWT) Savannah Conservation Landscape, which spans large tracts of northern Limpopo and extends into Mozambique, the EWT-owned Medike nature reserve in the Soutpansberg Mountain Range is a haven for numerous threatened and highly endemic species of reptiles, insects, amphibians and plants. The EWT acquired the reserve in 2018 and has slowly been transforming it into not only a conservation wonderland, but also a distinctive tourist destination where nature-loving visitors participate in developing the story of nature-based solutions uplifting local communities.

Four members of the local communities have received training to become rangers and are now employed by the EWT. In addition, 205 community members are being supported sustainably grow and harvest Pepper Bark Trees, Haworthiopsis  and other medicinal plant species.

In the past year, seven more local community members have been employed to build roads and clear alien and invasive species, further restoring the natural systems and creating access for tourism development.  Two community members have been employed by Medike nature reserve to strengthen law enforcement.

Madzhie speaks with pride about his job building roads, the fact that he has obtained his driver’s license in just four months, and being able to build a fence around his family’s home, on top of all the skills he has learnt.

“I am saving my money so that I can attend a security course when this job finishes, so I can apply for a job as a security guard at one of the reserves or in town. This job has given me experience and purpose,” he says as he speaks about giving up poaching and embracing conservation, teaching his community about the environmental harm caused by littering, runaway fires and poaching.   “My perception has changed because of this opportunity I have been given.”

Madzhie is one of numerous community members involved in projects managed by the Endangered Wildlife Trust, with our partners like the International Crane Foundation. This work not only restores and secures safe spaces for threatened species, but it also facilitates climate adaptation, expands protected area corridors across Africa, and reduces human-wildlife conflict. Additionally, it improves the well-being and ecological resilience of Indigenous People and Local Communities (IPLCs).

Communities are central to the EWT’s conservation success, and our 2024/5 Integrated Report showcases multiple examples of the impact of partnerships with communities to the benefit of conservation and the people who are directly dependent on their environment for their livelihoods.

Through skills training, livelihood support, and local leadership, we’ve helped people build sustainable futures that keep ecosystems healthy.  With the declaration of the 11,563ha Western Soutpansberg Nature Reserve in January 2025, the EWT now works collaboratively with landowners and provincial authorities to conserve and manage an additional 31,180ha of habitat.  As of the end of the 2024/25 financial year, 114,819ha of critical conservation land across all our Strategic Conservation Landscapes had undergone some form of improved land management change, rehabilitation, or restoration process, which will lead to improved ecosystem function, health, and resilience.  This includes 95,000 ha declared Vulture Safe Zones, and work done on about 20,000ha to clear alien and invasive species, control erosion, restore habitats, improve law enforcement, and manage game.

A total of 20 million m3 of freshwater had been replenished through community-based initiatives to remove alien invasive species and restore catchments. In a water-scarce region, the conservation of freshwater sources is critical for  climate change adaptation, benefitting both the communities and the multiple threatened species in those systems

In the year under review, more than 22,074 people were empowered through various training and development initiatives.  The livelihoods of 20,356 people were directly improved through employment or income-generating activities; 1,108 people were trained to provide them with better employment opportunities; and the livelihoods of 610 people were secured by, for instance, placing livestock guarding dogs to protect their livestock.

People are integral to sustained conservation impact and, closer to home, the EWT’s own pack of extraordinary conservationists has achieved other remarkable gains for threatened species conservation.

 

Highlights in the EWT’s 2024/25 Integrated Report include:
  • Coordinated the translocation of more than 20 Endangered African Wild Dogs and multiple Cheetah across southern Africa, creating new packs and coalitions to expand the population sizes.
  • Rescued and saved 81 vultures from a mass poisoning event in the Kruger National Park in May 2025.
  • Removed over 500 kg of poisons from Vulture Safe Zones.
  • Supported the training of 200 Soutpansberg community members to attend an AgriSETA-accredited training programme; provided seeds and basic equipment to contribute to their household’s food security.
  • In partnership with Bionerds, we recorded the first documented breeding calls and mating activity in over 40 years for the Critically Endangered Amathole Toad.
  • In Durban, the Widenham Wetland was declared a Protected Environment and Treasure Beach was granted Nature Reserve Status to protect the Endangered Pickersgill’s Reed Frog and critical burrowing skink habitat.
  • In the Drakensberg, spring protection projects at KwaMkhize, Mqatsheni, and Hlatikulu now supply clean water to over 1,000 people, while community-led land-use planning has designated 800 hectares of high-value grassland for conservation and grazing.
  • Initiated carbon offsetting projects, covering 93,000 hectares with an additional 53,000 hectares in development. These will secure critical grassland habitat whilst providing sustainable income for the farmers.
  • The EWT entered into a conservation servitude agreement with Lokenburg Farm, specifically to conserve habitat for the Speckled Dwarf Tortoise.
  • The EWT’s Conservation Canine Unit hosted the first African Canines in Conservation Conference, hosting speakers and delegates from 19 countries, focusing on the use of dogs for conservation research and the science of utilising working dogs for conservation
  • More than 100 renewable energy applications have been reviewed in South Africa to reduce negative impacts and enhance the positive potential of this sector to sustainably benefit the environment.

To support the rapid growth and expansion of the EWT’s groundbreaking conservation work across Africa, the EWT USA was registered as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt public benefit organisation, kickstarting a phased approach to expanding our U.S. fundraising market.

“The EWT envisions a future where Africa’s wildlife and her people thrive together, and where our long-term strategic objectives have turned hope into intention, laying the foundation for a sustainable tomorrow. To achieve this, our 25-Year Future Fit Strategy is an ambitious, long-term framework designed to secure biodiversity, restore ecosystems, and build resilient communities across nine Strategic Conservation Landscapes in southern and East Africa,” says the EWT’s CEO, Yolan Friedmann. “Our Strategy is not just a roadmap – it is a bold commitment to future generations that is ambitious, inclusive, and enduring.”

“The year under review shows how we are successfully bringing this vision to life, and this report showcases multiple examples of how healthy ecosystems support thriving wildlife and people. We close out this financial year with energy and determination to do more.”

Friedmann adds that the 2024/5 financial year was shaped by transformation and tested the EWT’s tenacity. “Despite global and regional challenges, from geopolitical volatility to socio-economic pressures, our conservation programmes have not only endured but thrived”.

Chair of the EWT’s Board of Trustees, Muhammed Seedat, says the year marked another period of both reflection and renewal.

“The world continues to grapple with the accelerating effects of climate change, habitat loss, and economic uncertainty. Yet, despite these pressures, the EWT has not only sustained its vital conservation work, but expanded its impact across multiple fronts,” he says.

“We are entering a defining decade for biodiversity. We are at a juncture where we have just over four years in which to achieve the international targets of conserving 30% of land and sea by 2030, drastically cut greenhouse gas emissions as we work to build resilience and protect vital resources and halt biodiversity loss in the face of unforgiving climate change. The decisions we make now will determine the health of our planet for centuries to come”.

Thus, the importance of the EWT’s Future Fit Strategy.  This, he says, is the EWT’s promise and commitment to a sustainable tomorrow in which no-one is left behind.

ReLISA: Restoring South Africa’s Landscapes for Climate, Biodiversity and People

ReLISA: Restoring South Africa’s Landscapes for Climate, Biodiversity and People

ReLISA: Restoring South Africa’s Landscapes for Climate, Biodiversity and People

By Christopher Hooten – Project Manager, Endangered Wildlife Trust 

Restored savanna landscape supporting biodiversity and livelihoods

South Africa stands at a critical crossroads. Decades of unsustainable land use, combined with intensifying climate pressures, have pushed some of the country’s most important ecosystems to the brink.

Grasslands that supply the majority of the nation’s water, savannas that support iconic wildlife and rural livelihoods, and thicket systems unique to the Eastern Cape now show the accumulated scars of overgrazing, mining, invasive alien plant encroachment, drought and fire.

But, alongside this sobering reality lies a growing movement—one that is evolving from scattered localised rehabilitation efforts to coordinated, large-scale action capable of transforming entire landscapes. At the centre of this shift is ReLISA: Restoring Landscapes in South Africa, a five-year, €15-million initiative funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMUV) through the International Climate Initiative (IKI).

ReLISA brings together an exceptional consortium—United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), C4 EcoSolutions and Unique Landuse—with the aim to develop large-scale restoration initiatives, expand protected areas and drive social inclusivity.

On 16 October, on the sidelines of the G20 Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group (ECSWG) Ministerial Meeting in Cape Town, the ReLISA project was jointly officiated by Dion George, South Africa’s Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE); Carsten Schneider, German Federal Minister for the Environment, Climate Action, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMUKN); Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, Deputy Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); and Nelson Muffuh, Resident Coordinator of the United Nations in South Africa.

ReLISA project launch with government and international partners

ReLISA is not just another conservation project. It is a strategic intervention designed to unlock private and public investment, drive protected area expansion and place nature-based solutions at the heart of national development priorities. It marks a new generation of restoration programming—one that pairs ecological restoration with economic valuation, financial innovation, and strong community partnerships.

At the heart of the initiative lies a simple but powerful premise: restoration is not only good for nature—it is good for people, economies, and long-term climate stability.

 

Healing Biomes That Sustain a Nation

South Africa’s landscapes are globally celebrated for their richness and diversity. Yet three biomes, in particular, stand out for their ecological and economic importance. ReLISA’s core areas of focus are the Grassland, Savanna and Thicket Biomes. These landscapes have absorbed the impacts of generations of intensive use. Today, they face additional threats from climate change—prolonged droughts, record-breaking temperatures, wildfires and shifting rainfall patterns. Meanwhile, invasive alien plants continue to spread at unprecedented rates, outcompeting indigenous vegetation and consuming critical water supplies.

Decades of land degradation, notably within Strategic Water Source Areas (SWSAs), have undermined biodiversity, strained water security, and eroded the natural assets that rural communities depend on. As climate change intensifies, the impacts of droughts, extreme weather, and land degradation are becoming more severe, especially for vulnerable households and farmers. This project emphasises the importance of SWSAs in South Africa, which are critical for maintaining water supply whilst supporting agriculture, communities, and wildlife. By focusing restoration work within, and protecting, SWSAs, water retention in the landscape can be enhanced, erosion reduced and the resilience of ecosystems in the face of climate change improved.

At the same time, governments and land users have consistently faced a barrier common to restoration efforts worldwide: how to finance restoration at scale. The project aims to bridge this gap by combining biophysical science with economic valuation and investor-ready project design, building a compelling economic case for restoration in South Africa in order to attract private investment and blended finance opportunities.

ReLISA recognises that restoring these biomes is no longer optional; it is essential. Not only for safeguarding biodiversity, but for national water security, economic resilience, climate adaptation and the well-being of communities who depend directly on the land.

The main target landscapes for the EWT within ReLISA are the Northern Drakensberg, Soutpansberg and the Amatholes. Within these, the EWT strives to further expand the existing protected area network through biodiversity stewardship mechanisms, whilst addressing land degradation and species conservation. Within each of the landscapes there is a dedicated and committed field officer who actively works alongside land users, building relationships and providing input and assistance with rangeland management, restoration and alien plant clearing. The work undertaken within these landscapes is more than just protected area expansion for the sake of numbers, it focusses on key corridors, areas of intact habitat and properties where there are known threatened species, with the aim to create a larger, connected network of protected areas.

 

What ReLISA Aims to Achieve

The true innovation of ReLISA is its systems thinking. Instead of treating restoration as isolated interventions, the project views landscapes as interconnected ecological, social and economic systems.

  1. Restoration at Scale

ReLISA aims have 100,000 hectares across key landscapes under restoration by 2030, biomes that are essential for biodiversity, water supply, and climate resilience.

  1. Expansion of Protected Areas and the Northern Drakensberg Biosphere Reserve

In conjunction with the expansion of protected areas, the EWT is in the very early stages of setting up the proposed Northern Drakensberg Biosphere Reserve, targeting the grassland biome and incorporating existing protected networks along the northeastern escarpment between Royal Natal National Park and Memel in the eastern Free State.

  1. Economic and Financial Innovation

ReLISA is developing bankable business models for restoration, creating opportunities for impact investors, agribusiness, and other private sector actors to finance nature-based solutions. Funding models include payments for ecosystem services, carbon-focused finance through carbon credits, and potential water-fund mechanisms.

  1. Strengthened Ecosystem Services

Restoration activities will improve water security, stabilise soils, restore carbon stocks, and enhance biodiversity. These improvements directly support local livelihoods, agriculture, and tourism.

  1. Policy Support and Knowledge Sharing

Through strong collaboration with government partners, ReLISA will support policy development and share insights nationally and internationally, helping shape a long-term, sustainable restoration economy.

 

Looking Ahead

As climate risks accelerate and water security declines, the cost of inaction grows each year. Yet restoration—when done at scale—offers one of the highest returns on investment of any nature-based solution.

With its official launch complete, ReLISA now moves into full implementation. The coming years will focus on expanding restoration efforts, deepening community partnerships, and demonstrating that nature-based solutions can deliver economic, ecological, and social benefits at scale.

Through strong collaboration, innovative financing, and evidence-based action, the project seeks to become a flagship model for sustainable restoration—not only in South Africa, but globally.

EWT field officer working with landowners on landscape restoration

Turning around the threat of extinction, one species at a time

Turning around the threat of extinction, one species at a time

Turning around the threat of extinction, one species at a time

By Yolan Friedmann – CEO, Endangered Wildlife Trust
 
 
 

EWT field team monitoring endangered species (Wattled Cranes)  in South African wetlands

Since our founding in 1973, the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) has established itself as a leader in wildlife conservation, focusing on the African species under greatest risk of extinction. Over the decades, so-called “species conservation” became frowned upon, with a view that only ecosystem and large habitat conservation is worth the funding, focus and energy. This view is not incorrect, and the EWT has spent considerable recourse successfully conserving large tracts of grasslands, mountains, wetlands, riparian systems and drylands.

The value of this work cannot be understated, as space, intact biodiversity and ecosystem function forms the basis of all life on earth. However, there is no doubt that a strong focus on saving species, with research, monitoring and specific activities focussing on the needs to individual species or their families is just as important if we are to stem the tide of extinction that threatens to overtake numerous species whose future survival requires more than just saving their habitat.

The threats facing the survival of individual species have amplified in recent years and include targeted removal from the wild for illegal trade (dead, alive or in parts), poisoning (direct or indirect), snaring, infrastructural impacts, alien invasive species, unsustainable use, and today, more than 48,600 species face the risk of extinction at varying levels. In response, the EWT has broadened our focus and our expert teams of specialists to ensure that we cover lesser-known, but equally important and often more at-risk species that include insects, reptiles, amphibians, trees and succulent plants. This makes the EWT the most diverse and extensive biodiversity conservation organisation in the region. And, if too little is known about the species in a particular area or what may be at risk, we have a specialist team that undertakes rapid biodiversity assessment, or bioblitzes, to quickly reveal the natural secrets that may be hiding in understudied areas, but may be facing a great risk of being lost to this generation or the next.

The IUCN’s Species Survival Commission issued the Abu Dhabi Declaration in 2024, emphasising the critical importance of saving species to save all life, calling on “… diverse sectors – including governments, businesses, Indigenous peoples and local communities, religious groups, and individuals – to prioritise species conservation within their actions, strategies, and giving, recognising that protecting animals, fungi, and plants is fundamental to sustaining life on earth.”

In October 2025, as nearly 10,000 members of the world’s conservation community gathered again in Abu Dhabi for the 5th IUCN World Conservation Congress, the message was clear: Save Species, Save Life. The congress featured very powerful calls for more urgent work to be done to stem the illegal wildlife trade, halt unsustainable use and prioritise funding, research and action in order to prevent mass extinction rates. Of the 148 motions that were adopted by the IUCN Members’ Assembly, a large number focussed on the need for intensified action and policy to address the issues facing species such as:

  • Holistically conserving forests, grasslands, freshwater ecosystems and coral reefs and other marine ecosystems
  • Species recovery for threatened taxa
  • Sustainable use and exploitation of wild species
  • Invasive alien species prevention
  • Combatting crimes like wildlife trafficking and illegal fisheries
  • One Health

Species can only survive and thrive within larger, functioning and healthy ecosystems, and more space is desperately needed for our ailing planet to retain its viability as a healthy host for all life. But the life that exists in micro-habitats, and those that face ongoing persecution which threatens to decimate all chances of survival, needs rapid and targeted interventions now.

The EWT remains at the forefront of this work, having rediscovered populations of species thought to have gone extinct such as the De Winton’s Golden Mole, the Pennington’s Blue Butterfly, the Orange-tailed Sandveld Lizard, Branch’s Rain Frog and the Blyde Rondawel Flat Gecko, and effectively turning around the fate of others, such as the Cheetah, Wattled Cranes and the Pickersgill’s Reed Frog – once facing imminent risk of extinction, but now heading back to survival and expansion. Our work to discover, save, monitor and protect the most threatened, whether visible or not and whether charismatic or not, is unwavering. Together, we can turn the tide on extinction, on species at a time.

A cancelled event, storms, bad roads, no communication and vultures

A cancelled event, storms, bad roads, no communication and vultures

A cancelled event, storms, bad roads, no communication and vultures

By Danielle du Toit, Birds of Prey unit –  Field Officer
 
 
 

Cape Vultures soaring at Msikaba Vulture Colony in the Eastern Cape

EWT pack members never let what could be a lost opportunity go to waste.

On a recent trip to the Pondoland region of the Eastern Cape, Senior Conservation Manager Lourens Leeuwner, and I almost swore never to embark on such a journey again.

I say almost—because you never know what the universe might throw at you.

We only discovered on arrival in Mbotyi that the Eastern Cape Avitourism Roadshow had been cancelled at the last minute due to severe storms. The conditions were grim: heavy winds had lifted roofs off houses, power lines were down, and cellphone towers were out of service. To top it off, the accommodation we had managed to find was leaking, mouldy, and filled with stray dogs that insisted on following me everywhere (what’s new?).

Nevertheless, we persevered. We spent time in the surrounding forest searching for Cape Parrots, Hornbills, and other elusive species. Exploring the village—something that took all of 20 minutes—we watched the community rally to clear roads using broken chainsaws, a clapped-out 1988 Toyota Hilux, and a frayed tow rope. One young man worked barefoot with heavy machinery on a slippery tar road in cold conditions—a snapshot of the resilience (and recklessness) of local life.

With no way to book alternative accommodation online, we stumbled across a cottage during our exploration and begged the owner to take us in. Fortunately, her guests were leaving, and we found room at the proverbial inn. From there, we resumed our quest for cellphone signal. After hours of holding our phones in the air and running in circles on a cleared road, the universe humbled us yet again—no signal.

But then, luck turned. Our new home, Destiny Cottage, had satellite internet. The signal barely reached inside, but it was enough. A view of the ocean from the lounge and a supper of Salti-Crax and cream cheese (after Lourens’s half-hour mission in the Lusikisiki Spar) lifted our spirits. Using the connection, we reached stakeholders and began to reschedule the cancelled roadshow meetings.

The following day took us to the Msikaba Vulture Colony. After a long drive, a missed turn, and a detour to a random campsite, we finally arrived. Hours drifted by as we watched Cape Vultures float effortlessly between cliff faces, rising on the thermals. Over coffee and Lourens’s famous peanut-butter-and-berry-jam sandwiches, we felt the frustrations of the previous days slip away.

On our final day, before heading back to Graaff-Reinet, we met with officials from the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency in Mthatha to discuss a future Wild Coast recce.

What began as a cancelled event in the middle of storms and silence ended with vultures, resilience, and new opportunities—reminding us why we do this work, and why it’s always worth carrying on, no matter the obstacles.

 

Left: state of the road. Centre: Searching for signal. Right: EWT in the snow