Endangered Wildlife Trust Archives | Page 9 of 54

Cricket and Canine Heroes: Jocks of the Bushveld

By Tammy Baker. Donor relations officer for The EWT.

On Saturday, 5th of October, 22 dedicated “Jocks”, passionate about both cricket and conservation, took to the pitch at CCJ Auckland Park to raise funds for wildlife preservation. The Skukuza Snakes won the toss and chose to bat first in their 30-over match. Strong partnerships lead them to a competitive score of 275.

During the innings break, friends and families of the Jocks of the Bushveld were treated to an exciting conservation canine demonstration by the incredible scent detection dog, Remi. This canine superstar showed off his remarkable skills, detecting substances like ammunition, pangolin scales, lion bones, elephant ivory, rhino horn, and even succulents! Remi’s handler, Fudhail, captivated the audience with updates on the critical work he and his scent and tracking dogs, Kisha and Remi, are doing in the Pilansberg to safeguard our precious wildlife.

After a well-deserved lunch and a few refreshing beers, it was time for the second innings. Maria’s Pundas took to the field, hoping to chase down the Snakes’ score. However, the Snakes’ bowlers delivered key wickets, stifling the Pundas’ efforts to build the necessary partnerships. Despite their best efforts, the Pundas fell short by 35 runs, finishing with a total of 240 runs.

With the cricket match concluded, it was time for the highly anticipated Jocks race-a gruelling lap around the field, where the weary cricketers competed in four groups: the Wild Dogs, Wildebeests, Buffaloes, and the Hippos. The cricketers gave it their all, and the crowd cheered on both winners and those who just fell short.

Event organiser Byron Lotter of the Maria’s Pundas addressed the teams after the game, thanking them all for their support and highlighting the importance of supporting a cause such as the EWT. “We all love the bush and take our families there as often as we can. That’s why we support conservation and the EWT – so that our children’s children can enjoy Africa and all of her precious resources for generations to come”, said Byron.

Thank you to all the Jocks and their families for their participation, and special thanks to Byron, Lawrie, and your family for your generosity and your deep love and for Africa and its wildlife. Conservation thanks you.

Environmental Education and Butterflies – Start them Young

By Renier Basson (Senior Field Officer), Drylands Conservation Programme

When you first think of threatened or endangered species, you might immediately picture Rhinos, African Wild Dogs, Pangolins, or even some other charismatic bird, reptile, or amphibian. However, did you know that many insect species in South Africa are also threatened? Most of these insects are found in in the Western Cape, particularly in the Fynbos biome. Among these, butterfly and beetles receive far more attention than any other insect group. All 23 Cape stag beetle species (family Lucanidae, genus Colophon) are currently threatened, primarily due to climate change, habitat destruction, and illegal poaching – yes, even insects are poached!

Regarding butterflies, the most threatened species belong to the families Lycaenidae (coppers, opals and skollies) and Hesperiidae (skippers and rangers). These butterflies are all relatively small and inconspicuous, with tiny, isolated populations scattered throughout the landscape. Some threatened butterflies inhabit areas smaller than 100 square meters! Habitat destruction, mainly caused by alien invasive vegetation and landscape transformation, poses a significant threat to these species in the Western Cape.

To help conserve these butterflies, the Drylands Conservation Programme, in collaboration with Bionerds, has launched projects funded by Disney and Table Mountain Fund. These initiatives aim to protect six butterfly species in the Lycaeinidae family: the Moorreesburg Opal (Chrysoritis thysbe schloszae), Dickson’s Copper (Chrysoritis dicksoni), Bearded Skolly (Thestor barbatus), Dickson’s Skolly (Thestor dicksoni warren), Kaplan’s Skolly (Thestor kaplani), and Strutt’s Skolly (Thestor strutti). All of these are listed as Critically Endangered, and their populations are rapidly declining. Protecting our threatened butterflies requires safeguarding their habitats, which includes habitat protection activities such as clearing alien invasive vegetation. While physically protecting habitats is crucial, educating the public is equally important!

One key component of the project is environmental education aimed at schools near the six butterfly populations. Bionerds has created a colourful, interactive booklet titled “Threatened Butterflies of the Western Cape” for learners from grades 4 to 7. On September 19, Field Officer Renier Basson visited W.F. Loots Primary in Wolseley to present on the ecological importance of butterflies and the threats they face. The Strutt’s Skolly, found in the area, was a focal point of the presentation. Renier began by explaining, “What is a butterfly?” covering topics from taxonomic classification and morphology to metamorphosis, pollination, and threats. The 51 learners from grades 5 and 6 were engaged and inquisitive, asking numerous questions.

After the presentation, Renier handed out the booklets , and the students eagerly participated by reading important sections aloud. They also answered questions from the first few pages, which sparked curiousity and encouraged them to share their newfound insights. Questions included broad topics like “What do adult butterflies eat?” and “Where do butterflies lay their eggs?” To further engage the students, Renier showcased pinned and framed insects. With five display boxes filled with insects, the learners were divided into groups to maximise their time exploring each box. They had to identify butterflies in the boxes, which proved challenging as some moths closely resemble butterflies. The students were also encouraged to ask questions about the insects they observed. The excitement on their faces as they received new boxes was priceless!

Incorporating environmental education for children into all conservation programmes is essential. Children are curious, enthusiastic, and passionate about nature, making them open to listening about the natural world. Start them young!

A special thanks to our partner Bionerds. This project is made possible through Disney Conservation Fund and the Table Mountain Fund.

EWT Exploring Peru

Esther Matthew, the EWT’s Senior Specialist Conservation Officer, became a National Geographic Society Explorer in 2018 for her work with a scent detection dog to help conserve the Critically Endangered Riverine Rabbit. A few months ago, Esther was selected as one of three explorers to serve as a hub coordinator for the Southern Africa Hub. The hub includes all explorers form South Africa, Lesotho, Eswatini, Mozambique, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Botswana.

As part of her new role, she received the incredible opportunity to attend a hub coordinator training workshop and Explorer Festival in Lima, Peru! Esther expressed her excitement, saying, “It was an amazing opportunity and experience I will never forget!”. This marked her first visit to South America and her attendance at an international Nat Geo Explorer Festival. The festival showcased the remarkable National Geographic explorer project in the Amazon, along with many other fascinating topics. Esther represented EWT and the Southern Africa hub at the event, where she met many explorers from around the world. She returned with more knowledge about coordinating groups and established many valuable networking contacts.
The EWT is proud to have three National Geographic Explorers on our staff. Alongside Esther, the other two explorers are Kulani Nyakane, Field Officer of our Carnivore Conservation Programme and Dr Gareth Tate, Programme Manager of the EWT’s Birds of Prey Programme.

Safeguarding Medicinal Plants for Future Generations

Pepper-bark trees thriving in traditional healers’ home gardens

Approximately 40% of the pharmaceuticals that are used in conventional medicine today are derived from plants, many of which were identified through traditional medicines that have been used by people across cultures and civilisations for millennia. Well-known examples of medicines sourced from nature include aspirin (Willow bark), quinine (Quinine tree), artemisinin (Sweet Wormwood), digoxin and digitoxin (Foxgloves), and codeine (Poppy), as well as atropine (Deadly Nightshade), among many others.

Traditional medicine encompasses a wide range of healthcare modalities that people have depended on for centuries. The World Health Organization describes traditional medicine as “the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, used in the maintenance of health and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness”.

In South Africa, over 2,062 plant species are used in traditional medicine, with approximately 770 species recorded in markets across the country. Numerous wild plant populations are under severe pressure due to the high levels of harvesting combined with the loss or degradation of habitat. Two species are already extinct in the wild, and 80 species could become extinct in the short to medium term, while 100 are of conservation concern.

Since 2019, the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) has been collaborating with landowners, traditional healers, traders, and harvesters in Limpopo Province to safeguard the Pepper-bark tree (Warburgia salutaris) and restore its habitat in the wild. The Pepper-bark is an evergreen tree in high demand for traditional medicine. As its name suggests, the bark and leaves of the tree taste like pepper or peri-peri. It occurs in a variety of habitats across Swaziland, north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Malawi. Despite its wide range, the Pepper-bark tree is under severe pressure due to harvesting and the transformation and degradation of habitat through agriculture and other human activities.

To improve our understanding of the conservation status of the Pepper-bark tree, we conducted a survey of the wild populations as well as a seed viability assessment and germination trial. Although Pepper-bark trees coppice easily, seedling recruitment in some areas is severely curtailed through seed predation and low seed viability. The species’ ability to coppice allows local populations to survive, but limited sexual reproduction restricts genetic diversity, which can reduce resilience over time. In Limpopo, germination levels of seeds sourced from healthy trees in the project area were relatively high (70%) compared with those in other areas, and seed predation levels were lower, which bodes well for the survival of the populations at this stage. Continued monitoring is important to build on this baseline data and assess the species’ resilience under different conditions, including drought and potential climate change impacts.

The EWT’s team of rangers has also worked tirelessly to restore Pepper-bark tree habitat by clearing of over 60 hectares of land of alien and encroaching plants, resulting in seedlings observed on several of these sites for the first time in years!

While protecting plant populations in the wild is critical, it is equally important to ensure that people who rely on traditional medicine for their healthcare can source the plants that they need. Prior to the 1990s, numerous (unsuccessful) attempts were made to curb traditional medicine and combat its trade through law enforcement. Since then, conservationists have partnered with traditional healers and, more recently, traders and harvesters in markets to reduce pressures on wild populations while striving to ensure that people have access to the plants they need for traditional medicine. Over this period, conservation organisations, with the support of the private sector, have donated more than 80,000 Pepper-bark trees to traditional healers and communities, mainly in KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, and Limpopo. Similar initiatives are being implemented in Swaziland and other southern African countries.

The EWT is now working with traditional healers, traders, harvesters, and other growers to substantially expand the diversity and volumes of species for cultivation. We are also supporting communities in improving the management of wild medicinal plant populations and reducing illegal harvesting in their areas through better governance and controls that support the customary and traditional systems they are already implementing. Ongoing monitoring of wild populations is critical, along with forging strong partnerships with traditional healers, communities, and traders to protect this vital biocultural resource base for both current users and future generations.

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This work is funded through the Fondation Franklinia, Munich Re, and the UK Government through the Illegal Wildlife Trade Challenge Fund.

We would also like to acknowledge the SANParks – Kruger National Park Pepper-bark Conservation Programme for a donation of 2,000 Pepper-bark trees to the project. The SANParks – Kruger National Park Pepper-bark Conservation Programme has received support from SAPPI, the ARC, SANBI, SAEON, and the SANParks honorary rangers over the years.

Transport for this and other People in Conservation initiatives is made possible through the Ford Wildlife Foundation.

References

https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/traditional-medicine
Williams V.L., Victor J.E., and Crouch N. 2013. Red Listed medicinal plants of South Africa: Status, trends, and assessment. South African Journal of Botany 86: 23—35.

Parasitised Pepper-bark Tree fruit (left) and healthy fruit (right). Photo K. van den Bosch

Pepper-bark Tree deliveries in Limpopo

Pepper-bark tree thriving in traditional healers’ gardens 2

The Durban Dwarf Burrowing Skink: A Tiny Lizard’s Big Fight Against Extinction

by Ruan Stander, Field Officer: KZN Threatened Amphibian Programme

The Critically Endangered Durban Dwarf Burrowing Skink (Scelotes inornatus) is a little lizard with a big name, and it is in big trouble. Its scientific species name (which can be easier to remember than its common name) is very fitting – it means ‘unornamented’ – as these little lizards are indeed remarkably plain and inconspicuous. Unfortunately, this means that they are easy to overlook, even in the context of conservation. In fact, it was not until the mid-1990s that the scientific community resolved the taxonomic relationship of the species, allowing us to realise how localised this lizard truly is (essentially restricted to a 2 x 50 km strip of coastline). How should such a tiny, drab lizard that doesn’t even have any legs compete with wild dogs, magnificent cranes or soaring raptors? Truth is, it can’t. That is why the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) has prioritised this species. In partnership with the Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, eThekwini Municipality, the JHB Zoo, Wits University and Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, the EWT has launched a new project in Durban’s Treasure Beach Protected Area, dedicated to researching and developing techniques that will allow for the long-term monitoring of the species.

The Durban Dwarf Burrowing Skink seldom exceeds 9cm in length (excluding the tail), which makes it a less-than-ideal candidate for tracking collars or microchips. As reptiles do, they shed their skins periodically, which means any paint or ink-based marking techniques are temporary and unpredictable. Their bodies are cylindrical and covered in smooth, glossy scales, so there is no chance of clipping a scute to identify an individual either. To make matters even more complicated, these lizards spend virtually their entire lives under the soil surface. Their small size and fossorial habits also mean that they do not cover large distances, which makes traditional reptile monitoring techniques, such as pitfall arrays, largely ineffective for Durban Dwarf Burrowing Skinks.

Despite these challenges, something needs to be done, as the species is under tremendous pressure from development. The single greatest threat the species faces is habitat loss and transformation, with most of its natural habitat having been developed and transformed beyond rehabilitation already. Secondary threats include severe habitat fragmentation, domestic and feral cats and dogs, as well as plastic pollution and alien invasive vegetation.

As part of the newly launched project, the EWT will assist in strengthening existing conservation partnerships between stakeholders involved in the management and conservation of this species and its habitat. The EWT will also strive to improve the understanding of how the species and its habitat can best be protected in the Treasure Beach Protected Area, as well as assist in enhancing habitat integrity within the area by implementing actions such as alien invasive clearing and waste removal. Furthermore, a major component of the project will include securing and stabilising the population within the Treasure Beach Protected Area, as well as establishing long-term monitoring protocols and methodologies.

The project was launched in August 2024, and in its first two months, it has obtained nearly 40 new records of the species, including individuals from two protected areas where the species was not previously known to occur. If these efforts can be sustained, this species can be saved from sure extinction.